Spiny Lobster (Rock Lobster) Facts

A spiny lobster is any lobster in the family Palinuridae, which includes at least 60 species. These species are grouped into 12 genera, which include Palinurus, Panulirus, Linuparus, and Nupalirus (word play on the family name). There are numerous names for the spiny lobster. Commonly-used names include the rock lobster, langouste, or langusta. It is also sometimes called a crayfish or crawfish, even though these terms also refer to a separate freshwater animal. Fast Facts: Spiny Lobster Scientific Name: Family Palinuridae (e.g. Panulirus interruptus)Other Names: Rock lobster, langouste, langusta, sea crayfish, furry lobsterDistinguishing Features: Shaped like a true lobster, but has long, spiny antennae and lacks large clawsAverage Size: 60 cm (24 in)Diet: OmnivorousLife Span: 50 years or moreHabitat: Tropical oceans worldwideConservation Status: Depends on speciesKingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ArthropodaSubphylum: CrustaceaClass: MalacostracaOrder: DecapodaFun Fact: Spiny lobsters make a rasping sound using friction at the base of their antennae. Description The spiny lobster resembles a true lobster in its shape and hard exoskeleton, but the two types of crustacean arent closely related. Unlike true lobsters, spiny lobsters have extremely long, thick, spiny antennae. They also lack large claws or chelae, although mature female spiny lobsters have a small claw on their fifth pair of walking legs. The average size of a mature spiny lobster depends on its species, but they may exceed 60 centimeters or 2 feet in length. Specimens of many spiny lobster species are red or brown, but some spiny lobsters have mottled patterns and display vivid colors. Some species of spiny lobster are colorful. DigiPub / Getty Images Distribution Spiny lobsters live in tropical oceans worldwide. However, they are most commonly found in the Caribbean and Mediterranean, in coastal waters off Southeast Asia and Australia, and off the coast of South Africa. Behavior The spiny lobster spends most of its time hidden within a rocky crevice or reef, exiting at night to feed and migrate. During migration, groups of up to 50 spin lobsters move in single file, keeping contact with each other with their antennae. They navigate using scent and taste, as well as through their ability to detect the Earths magnetic field. Reproduction and Life Cycle Spiny lobsters reach sexual maturity when they reach the necessary size, which depends on water temperature and food availability. The average age of maturity is between 5 and 9 years for females and 3 and 6 years for males. During mating, males transfer spermatophores directly into the females sternum. The female spiny lobster carries 120,000 to 680,000 fertilized eggs on her pleopods for around 10 weeks until they hatch. Juvenile painted spiny lobster. Hal Beral / Getty Images Spiny lobster larvae are zooplankton that do not resemble adults. The larvae feed on plankton and go through several molts and larval stages. In the case of the California spiny lobster, 10 molts and larval stages take place between hatching and reaching the juvenile form. Juveniles sink to the bottom of the ocean, where they eat small crabs, amphipods, and isopods until they are big enough to take larger prey. It is difficult to gauge the age of a spiny lobster because it gains a new exoskeleton each time it molts, but the animals lifespan is believed to be 50 years or more. Diet and Predators Spiny lobsters are omnivorous, eating live prey, decaying matter, and plants. During the day, they stay hidden in crevices, but at night they may venture from crevices to hunt. Typical prey include sea urchins, snails, crabs, sea hares, mussels, and clams. Spiny lobsters have not been observed eating other members of their own species. The crustaceans navigate and hunt using senses of smell and taste. Humans are the spiny lobsters most significant predator, as the animals are fished for meat. The spiny lobsters natural predators include sea otters, octopuses, sharks, and bony fishes. Sound When threatened by a predator, the spiny lobster flexes its tail to escape backwards and emits a loud rasping sound. The sound is produced using a stick-slip method, like a violin. The sound emanates when the base of the antennae rubs across a file on the antennal plate. Interestingly, the spiny lobster can make this sound even after it molts and its shell is soft. While some insects (e.g. grasshoppers and crickets) produce sounds in a similar fashion, the spiny lobsters specific method is unique. Conservation Status For most spiny lobster species, there is is insufficient data for conservation status classification. Of the species listed on the IUCN Red List, most are categorized as least concern. However, the common spiny lobster (Palinurus elephas) is vulnerable with a decreasing population. The Cape Verde spiny lobster (Palinurus charlestoni) is near threatened. The most significant threat to spiny lobsters is over-exploitation by fisheries. Climate change and single catastrophic events also threaten some species, particularly if they live within a restricted range. Sources Hayward, P. J. and J. S. Ryland (1996). Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe. Oxford University Press. p. 430. ISBN 0-19-854055-8.Lipcius, R. N. and D. B. Eggleston (2000). Introduction: Ecology and fishery biology of spiny lobsters. In Bruce F. Phillips J. Kittaka. Spiny Lobsters: Fisheries and Culture (2nd ed.). John Wiley Sons. pp. 1–42. ISBN 978-0-85238-264-6.Patek, S. N. and J. E. Baio (2007). The acoustic mechanics of stick-slip friction in the California spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus). Journal of Experimental Biology. 210 (20): 3538–3546. doi:10.1242/jeb.009084Sims, Harold W. Jr. (1965). Lets call the spiny lobster spiny lobster. Crustaceana. 8 (1): 109–110. doi:10.1163/156854065X00613

Corruption In The Great Gatsby Essay - 701 Words

The wealthy in the late 20’s was corrupt and selfish. In the Great Gatsby the upper class is shown as corruptive. The people in the upper class such as Tom and Daisy don’t really care about their actions because they feel invincible due to their amount of money and the power they have. Fitzgerald illustrates the corruption in the way upper class is care-less about their behavior. The way people in the upper class behave toward others and in society demonstrates how corruptive they are. At Gatsby parties the people behaved as they wanted like when Lucille was telling Jordan about going to one of the parties â€Å"I never care what I do, so I always have a good time†(The Great Gatsby 23). In other words Lucille is just another example of the†¦show more content†¦He feel the white race has to be superior and have to control over the other races. He is so ignorant that doesn’t care about anything else than power and money. Even though Nick believes t hat Gatsby is different than the others in the wealthy he was just as corrupt and dishonest as the others in the upper class. When they were all together Tom revealed what he had find out about how Gatsby made his money and he disclose â€Å"I find out what your ‘drug-stores’ were†(The Great Gatsby 284). He was referring to the illegal alcohol that Gatsby as selling to make his fortune. Tom was pointing out how Gatsby’s money wasn’t honest to make him look bad in front of Daisy and everybody else. Nick was trying to know more about Gatsby and his business life and he because some of the things Gatsby was saying didn’t add up so Nick indicated I thought you inherited your money. I did, old sport, he said automatically, but I lost most of it in the big panic – the panic of the war. I think he hardly knew what he was saying, for when I asked him what business he was in he answered, Thats my affair, before he realized that it wasnt the ap propriate reply†(The Great Gatsby 97). The fact that Gatsby was lying about how he made his money shows how dishonest and corrupt he was that he had to hid it. In the way the upper class behaves careless about their actions in the Great Gatsby demonstrates how corruptive they are. Gatsby, Daisy, and Tom are the main examplesShow MoreRelatedCorruption In The Great Gatsby Essay822 Words   |  4 PagesScott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby is about a writer named Nick Carraway. He leaves the Midwest and comes to New York City in the spring of 1922 . Nick chases his American Dream and ends up living next door to a mysterious, party-loving millionaire, Jay Gatsby, who is   across the water from his cousin, Daisy and her husband, Tom Buchanan. In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald reveals that the upper class society is corrupt from money. This is best proven through Gatsby, Daisy, and Tom. UpperclassmenRead MoreEssay on The Corruption of the American Dream in The Great Gatsby1302 Words   |  6 Pages On April 10, 1925 F. Scott Fitzgerald published The Great Gatsby, a novel that would later become one of the best known pieces of classic literature in history. However, at the time of its publication, Gatsby was fairly unpopular ad the reviews were never consistent. As shocking as it may seem, I believe it is because Fitzgerald’s intelligence and creativity levels were way ahead of his time, which is evident when one pays close attention to the themes of the novel. ForgivenessRead MoreEssay about Corruption in The Great Gatsby1141 Words   |  5 Pagesdancing, and jazz music in the upper class parties. 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Scott Fitzgerald uses many different metaphors and symbolisms to express his point.nbsp; In this essay the point that I wish to make is how Fitzgerald uses colors to develop image, feelings, and scenery depiction to let the reader feel the emotions and other aspects being portrayed in that particular part in the book.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Like every other essay one must address the major pointsRead MoreBroken Dreams and Fallen Themes: the Corruption of the American Dream in the Great Gatsby1477 Words   |  6 PagesThemes In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald employs the use of characters, themes, and symbolism to convey the idea of the American Dream and its corruption through the aspects of wealth, family, and status. In regards to wealth and success, Fitzgerald makes clear the growing corruption of the American Dream by using Gatsby himself as a symbol for the corrupted dream throughout the text. 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Whistleblowing Calls For A Royal Commission -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Whistleblowing Calls For A Royal Commission? Answer: Introduction The Australian: The decision of the Federal Governments announcement just before the Christmas break can have longing impacts at an all engulfing level that may not yet be apparently clear to everyone right now. The Commonwealth Bank is going to undergo a complete clean-out of its board and management. Many think that this would mean that the entire financial structure would be changed in the country and the accounting institutions role is going to be drastically and irrevocably altered. While there are others who maintain that this announcement is simply a subjective investigation on whether human involvement can be replaced by the new technology. The Commonwealth Bank has been facing allegations, for a long time, of being largely ignorant about money laundering of the drug syndicates, being oblivious to terrorism financing and being irresponsible for more than three years for almost a million bank accounts. Failure of such magnitude can be significantly negatively impacting to, and undermine, the national security of the country. The situation has become so bad that some people have suggested that the banks should hold giving bonuses to the executives so that every entity including the community, and those who are at the authoritative positions are delivered a strong message. The call for a royal commission to the banking sector has its seeds sowed at least three years back, when a senate committee suggested that the Commonwealth Bank should be given a royal commission for the financial planning scandal. The Labour party for more than a year that such a commission would be facilitating in making the sector stronger than before. After the investigations of the Commonwealth Bank financial planning scandal being done through the senate inquiry, National senators have vigorously advocated and called for a banking royal commission. A draft for a commission of enquiry was made and even some of the lower house members gave their support for the same. Just as the bill was to be introduced to in the Senate, the Prime Minister announced the royal commission. One of the most significant and major effects of the royal commission is the fact that interest rates are going to shoot upwards, which means that the citizens of the country are going to be the real sufferers from this decision. Others have dismissed the step by saying that the commission would not be doing anything rather than simply digging up the things that have already happened. But that being the exact and entire point of an enquiry in the first place, these opinions do not hold any grounds. Politicians have argued that the royal commission is, in essence, an elaborate cover up that the government is using to keep a lot of financial scandals hidden from the public eye. If this is indeed the case, then there are a lot of serious concerning issues. The bank has been continuously losing its credibility and reliability to the masses since it is a sector that sees its leaders being given tremendous salaries and paying itself with bonuses, but as soon as the situation gets a little bad, they demand taxpayer protection. The Financial Review: Jeff Morris can finally breathe a sigh of relief as the Federal Government announces the Royal Commission on the Commonwealth Bank. Being the first whistle blower to the corruptions of the bank, Morris ultimately has the satisfaction in seeing the government actually taking formidable steps towards trying to make the financial scandal being scrutinised and justifications be made. He now says that, despite met with severe hostilities and threats against his life, as well as losing his job, he still feels that is he has actually achieved something after all. Royal commission simply refers to any form of public inquiry that is validated by a parliament act. In effect, royal commissions are governed by acts that are passed through the legislature system and depending on the severity of the event that is being investigated, the commission is also to be debated over on many occasions before actually being put into effect. The financial commission that has been sanctioned by the Federal Government will be looking into the financial planning scandal. Since a commission has the authority to look into any fact in order to uphold the peace and order of the Commonwealth, this is considered to be uncovering a lot of hidden facts and issues that were previously duped by the government and not brought forth to the public. The current commission will be investigating the allegations of corruption and misconduct in the sector of financial services sector. Hence, it can be understood that the facts behind banks spending peoples retirement savings excessively or giving out dubious financial advices would finally be looked into and the different corruption practices that were in play would be revealed properly. The Commonwealth Bank has failed to uphold the community standards and serve accordingly, which the commission is going to be discussing and investigations of the corruption is sure to be uncovering a lot of truths. However, the problem with this may be the fact that the taxpayers would have to be suffering ultimately once again. Since the commission is being funded by the government, it means that taxpayers are the ones who are going to be financing it. This may throttle the interest rates of the banks to get higher, so this means that more burden on the taxpayers, the citizens of the country, once again. The amount that is needed for this is not quite small either: $75 million to be raised from simply taxes is not a mere task. The commission would not be having any executing powers vested upon itself: it can rather only make suggestions to the government, which is entirely upon them to take or reject. The royal commission is to be headed by former High Court judge Kenneth Hayne. The rest of the panel which is going to be in the investigation committee are all previously public servants and this gives them excellent knowledge on how to properly do the investigation so that the public can be the most benefited. References Boyle, P. (2016). We need an inquiry into the marketing industry.Green Left Weekly, (1087), 6. Ferguson, A., Butler, B. (2014). Commonwealth Bank facing royal commission call after Senate financial planning inquiry.Banking and Finance, The Sydney Morning Herald, Business Day ed., published by Fairfax Media, Sydney, NSW,26. Matthews, A. (2016). The financial services industry: Whistleblowing and calls for a royal commission.Precedent (Sydney, NSW), (136), 35. McIlroy, J. (2017). Bank inquiry aimed at heading off royal commission.Green Left Weekly, management, 2. McIlroy, J. (2017). Bank royal commission: Is this the last straw for Turnbull?.Green Left Weekly, (1164), 4.

Seinfeld Essays - Seinfeld, Culture Of New York City, Jerry Seinfeld

Seinfeld There is this particular show that I really love watching on tv. It's called Seinfeld, a show portraying a group of 4 weird New Yorkers as they go on with their normal lives. For me this has to be the best comedy program ever. Why ? Because its different, and what makes it different? Their storylines, it definitely has to be it. If you think about it, Seinfeld's storylines are very weird and generally, they don't really have a big angle that other American shows and all Filipinos shows would normally have. They simply show the characters as they are, as they face the New York lifestyle ? that's it ! When was the last time you saw a show where the whole episode for example revolves about a group of people lining up for a piece of bread, or two guys buying in a fruit stand probably never? It's just these four people blabbering on every topic you never imagine people would normally talk about ( such as the episode where they showed a misunderstanding between two women that started from a simple non sharing of toilet paper in the restroom.) ? Maybe that's the secret of Seinfeld's success, of it being really funny and very amusing to watch, it's basically the simplicity and the weirdness of the show's storylines that makes it click with the viewers. It's just a pity that the cast decided to dissolve the show. They left their show while it was at it's peak, just like the way Michael Jordan left basketball to retire. Their show was the constant top rater and garnered the most advertisement. I even read in a newspaper that the network which showed Seinfeld , even offered each of the main characters something like a million pesos per episode, just for them to continue the show. But I guess they were already filthy rich by then to be tempted by the huge pay? and there goes Sienfeld. Film and Cinema